Every women during her reproductive life experience atleast some degree of discomfort during menstruation ,which is normal but when the discomfort and pain is severe enough that makes her feel sick and limits her daily activities,the problem needs medical attention.Every women should have atleast some knowledge of menstrual cycle and what actually causes pain and discomfort before opting for any kind of treatment. Pain during menstruation (dysmenorrhoea) can be primary (when there is no underlying cause) or secondary (tumour,PID,IUD etc.),therefore management will be different in both the cases. During menstrual cycle under the influence of oestrogen and progesterone the endometrium (linning of uterus) prepares itself to establish pregnanacy.In absense of fertilization(fusion of egg with sperm) the endometrium is sloughed off due to decreased level of progesterone.The cells of the endometrium contain substance called prostaglandins (mediators of inflamation) which actually causes all the symptoms (pain,nausea,vomittig etc.).The prostaglandin causes muscles of the uterus to contract giving rise to uterine cramps and these uterine cramps inturn cause constriction of blood vessels decresing blood flow to uterus.Decreased blood flow to uterus leads to the accumulation of CO2 and lactic acid in the blood, thus firther aggrevating the symptoms.
The treatment of the symptoms should be aimed at counteracting the effect of prostaglandins.Apart from conventional therapies (NSAID's Antidepressents Contraceptives) which are beneficial in treating symptoms of dysmenorrhoea. There are some simple ,effective and non-pharmacological ways to decreases the severity of symptoms and to reduce dependence on drugs.
DIET:- Food containing Omega 6 fatty acids (Animal meats,egg yolks and shelfish)should be avoided or taken in less quantityThese fatty acids come as arachidonic acid which is the precursor for prostaglandin.high quantity of salt,sugar ,alcohol and caffein may increase the intensity of uterine cramps.Food rich in Thiamine,vitamin B6,calcium and magnesium should be included in diet or vitamin supplements should be added.
EXERCISE :- Exercise regularly,aerobic exercise(walking,swimming,running,etc)inhibit prostaglandins and enhances the release of endorphins (natural painkiller in brain )HOT BATH :- Hot bath may help to release the uterine tension thus decreasing uterine cramps.
